The K-NZS includes a first 5-year roadmap to 2050 that showcases a mix of net-zero steel production technologies and expected production costs and carbon reduction potential, considering Korea’s local and unique environments, including available resources, technology maturity, competitiveness and economic feasibility. The existing steel decarbonization roadmaps so far fail to show ambitions to meet the Paris Pledge with the Korean Government's 2030 reduction target being a mere 1%, while POSCO aims for 10% and Hyundai Steel for 12%. K-NZS is closer to IEA’s 1.5°C pathway than any existing roadmaps with stronger steel emission reductions of 19% by 2030, 53% by 2040 and 95% by 2050 compared to the 2018 levels (scope 1 and 2 combined).
DOI: 10.22982/NEXTRP.2023.7.24
(HIGHLIGHTS)
• The K-NZS includes a first 5-year roadmap to 2050 that showcases a mix of net-zero steel production technologies and expected production costs and carbon reduction potential, considering Korea’s local and unique environments, including available resources, technology maturity, competitiveness and economic feasibility.
• The existing steel decarbonization roadmaps so far fail to show ambitions to meet the Paris Pledge with the Korean Government's 2030 reduction target being a mere 1%, while POSCO aims for 10% and Hyundai Steel for 12%. K-NZS is closer to IEA’s 1.5°C pathway than any existing roadmaps with stronger steel emission reductions of 19% by 2030, 53% by 2040 and 95% by 2050 compared to the 2018 levels (scope 1 and 2 combined).
• Key Messages:
- As a key measure, the K-NZS suggests to accelerate the commercialization H2-DRI, building a 3.5-million-ton production capacity by 2035 (accounting for below 5% of the overall domestic production) and increasing it to 12.5 million (16%) in 2040 and to 36.5 million ton (47%) in 2050, which is a clear improvement from the Korean Government’s plan to build a 3-million-ton capacity by 2030-2040.
- Considering the strengthening international regulations on steel production (i.e. EU’s CBAM), the accelerating pace of H2-DRI introduction by foreign steel producers and the dropping hydrogen import costs, it is imperative for the Korean steel sector to accelerate H2-DRI implementation before 2040 in order to maintain its trade competitiveness.
- Before the commercialization of H2-DRI is realized, K-NZS suggests improving low-carbon production processes by replacing coal inputs with scraps or green DRIs and increasing steelmaking with electric furnaces centered on high-grade steel. In this case, greenhouse gas emissions may decrease by 12% by 2025 compared to the 2018 levels. K-NZS also suggests limiting the lifespan of existing blast furnaces to 50 years or shorter.
- The net-zero steel production will be 10-65% more expensive in Korea, making the carbon abatement costs estimated to be $182/t-CO2 for H2-DRI in 2035. The difference between the cost of carbon abatement and the price of carbon credits should be reflected in product prices, or the Korean Government should provide subsidies to induce carbon emission reduction.
< Contents >
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION
Ⅱ. SURGING DEMAND FOR NET-ZERO STEEL PRODUCTION
Ⅲ. CARBON EMISSIONS BY THE KOREAN STEEL INDUSTRY
1. KOREAN STEEL PRODUCTION AND DEMAND
2. CARBON EMISSION STRUCTURE AND THE STATUS OF THE STEEL INDUSTRY
Ⅳ. KEY NET-ZERO PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE KOREAN STEEL INDUSTRY
1. LOW-CARBON TECHNOLOGY UTILIZING EXISTING STEEL PRODUCTION FACILITIES
2. H2-DRI-EAF
3. BF-BOF-CCS INTRODUCTION
Ⅴ. NET-ZERO ROADMAP AND STRATEGY FOR THE KOREAN STEEL INDUSTRY
1. NET-ZERO ROADMAP FOR THE KOREAN STEEL INDUSTRY TO ACHIEVE THE 1.5℃ GOAL
2. LCOS AND CARBON ABATEMENT COST
Ⅵ. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS TO SUPPORT THE DECARBONIZATION OF THE KOREAN STEEL INDUSTRY
1. LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING NET-ZERO ROADMAPS IN KOREA
2. CARBON CONTRACT FOR DIFFERENCE
3. GREEN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IMPROVEMENT
Ⅶ. PUBLIC-PRIVATE COLLABORATION REQUIRED MORE THAN EVER
APPENDIX 1. ASSUMPTIONS FOR CALCULATING CARBON EMISSION INTENSITY BY STEELMAKING PROCESS
APPENDIX 2. ASSUMPTIONS FOR CALCULATING LCOS AND CARBON ABATEMENT COST
APPENDIX 3. CCS COSTS FOR BF-BOFS
APPENDIX 4. CHALLENGES FACED BY H2-DRI-EAF
References