Overview

This issue brief revisited the two most common misunderstandings about carbon pricing, that it hinders economic growth and kills jobs. The latest research show that if firms’ green-technology adoption and endogenous firm entry are included in an economic model, a rise in carbon prices is only accompanied by a gradual increase in GDP and consumption and a negligible increase in the unemployment rate. To achieve the positive macroeconomic effect of carbon prices while operating carbon pricing instruments (CPIs), 1) CPIs should be designed properly so that carbon prices serve as a clear signal for the technology adoption of firms, and 2) governments should come up with policy and financial supports to recycle the carbon-related revenues for expediting firms’ green technology adoption. To this end, the current emission trading systems should be improved and supplemented to establish actual carbon prices and provide a precise price signal throughout the economy.

Executive Summary

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

 • The two most common misunderstandings about carbon pricing are that it hinders economic growth and kills jobs.

 • However, if firms’ green-technology adoption and endogenous firm entry are included in an economic model, a rise in carbon prices is only accompanied by a     gradual increase in GDP and consumption and a negligible increase in the unemployment rate in the short run. In the long run, the adjustment to higher carbon   prices generates mild positive effects on consumption and GDP, a marginal increase in unemployment and labor force participation rates, and an expansion in   the proportion of firms that use green technologies. 

 • Firms’ ability to change production technologies in response to increasing carbon prices plays a fundamental role in shaping the positive macroeconomic   effects of the prices on GDP and consumption. Therefore, to achieve the positive macroeconomic effect of carbon prices while operating carbon pricing   instruments (CPIs), 1) CPIs should be designed properly so that carbon prices serve as a clear signal for the technology adoption of firms, and 2) governments   should come up with policy and financial supports to recycle the carbon-related revenues for expediting firms’ green technology adoption. 

 • To this end, the current emission trading systems (ETSs) should be improved and supplemented to establish actual carbon prices and provide a precise price   signal throughout the economy. In addition, the Korean government should create a virtuous circle by recycling the revenues collected from the ETS to promote   effective carbon-neutral projects of the participating firms, which in turn promotes the firm’s participation in the ETS.


 Acknowledgement: This research was supported by the British Embassy Seoul. 

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